horreo dicere

horreo, uī, ēre (altind. hšyati, starrt), eig. rauh sein, dah. I) von etwas starren, 1) eig.: α) mit Abl. des Teils, der an etw. emporstarrt: horret seges aristis, Verg.: phalanx horrens hastis, Liv.: ipsi tergis ferarum et ingentibus telis horrentes, Tac. hist. 2, 88: terga horrentia setis, Ov.: draco horrens squamis, Ov.: mare horret fluctibus, starrt von usw. = wogt auf von usw., Acc. fr. – poet., horrebant saevis verba minis, Ov. – β) absol.: horrentia suum terga, Verg.: u. vom Boden, von Örtl., von Frost starren, rauh-, kalt sein, terram uno tempore florere, deinde vicissim horrere, Cic.: u. vom Wetter, tempestas toto horret in anno, Ov. – 2) übtr.: emporstarren, von den Haaren = sich emporsträuben, hastae horrentes, Verg.: capilli, comae horrent, Tibull. u. Ov.: horrent ac subriguntur capilli, Sen.: promissā barbā, horrenti capillo, Plin. ep. 7, 27, 5: dah. Partiz. horrēns, stachelig, struppig, rubi, Verg.: capillus, Tac. u. Plin. ep.: v. Pers., vir bonus pulverulentus et horrens (Ggstz. nitidus et unctus), Sen. – I) v. lebenden Wesen, deren Haut bei Frost sich zusammenzieht, indem sie die sogenannte Gänsehaut überläuft, od. deren Haare bei Furcht usw. sich emporsträuben (vgl. Varro LL. 6, 49), A) vor Frost zusammenschauern, sich schütteln, zittern, Ov. u.a. Dichter: so auch draco horret, schüttelt sich (als er erwacht ist), Val.

————

Flacc. – B) vor Furcht usw. zusammenfahren, schauern, schaudern, zittern, sich entsetzen, a) intr. v. Menschen u. Tieren, Ter., Ov. u.a.: horreo animo, Cic.: quae cum a te tractantur, horrere soleo, pflegt mich ein Schauer zu überlaufen, Cic.: m. folg. Fragesatz od. Finalsatz (mit ne), horreo (ich schaudere vor Angst), quemadmodum accepturi sitis, Cic.: ut, quorsus eruptura sit (ista dominatio), horreamus, Cic.: eo plus horreo, ne etc., Liv.: horret animus, ne quid inconsulte ac temere fiat, Liv. – b) tr. vor etw. schaudern = vor etw. zurückbeben, -sich scheuen, vor od. über etwas sich entsetzen, crudelitatem alcis, Caes.: crimen, Cic.: tela, Liv. (vgl. Schmid Hor. ep. 1, 17, 39. Fabri Liv. 21, 53, 2). – mit folg. Infin., horreo dicere, Liv.: horret animus referre, Liv.: non horreo in hunc locum progredi, Cic.: quamquam animus meminisse horret, sich vor der Erinnerung sträubt, Verg. – m. folg. Acc. u. Infin., sancti horruerunt coli se pro diis, Augustin.: pro vana imagine imperii, quod gererent, veram iustamque mox in se versuram potestatem horrebant, Liv.: m. folg. Acc. u. Infin. u. m. bl. Infin. zugl., non tam quia imminui agrum, quam quia accolas sibi quisque adiungere tam efferatae gentis homines horrebat, Liv. 10, 10, 11.

horrĕo, ui, ēre, v. n. and a. [for horseo, kindred to Sanscr. hrish, to stand erect, to bristle], to stand on end, stand erect, to bristle.

Lit. (for the most part only poet.;

not in Ciceron. prose): in corpore pili, ut arista in spica hordei, horrent,

Varr. L. L. 6, § 49 Müll.; cf.:

et setae densis similes hastilibus horrent,

Ov. M. 8, 285:

saepe horrere sacros doluit Latona capillos,

Tib. 2, 3, 23:

horrentibus per totum corpus villis,

Plin. 8, 40, 61, § 150:

horrentes barbae,

Petr. 99:

horrentibus scopulis gradum inferre,

Plin. Pan. 81, 1:

horrentes rubi,

Verg. G. 3, 315:

horrentibus hastis,

id. A. 10, 178:

horrebant densis aspera crura pilis,

Ov. F. 2, 348:

rigidis setis,

id. M. 13, 846:

horret capillis ut marinus asperis Echinus aut currens aper,

Hor. Epod. 5, 27:

pervigil ecce draco squamis crepitantibus horrens Sibilat,

Ov. H. 12, 101: densantur campis horrentia tela virorum, Enn. ap. Prisc. p. 866 P. (Ann. v. 288 Vahl.); cf.: hastis longis campus splendet et horret, id. ap. Macr. S. 6, 4 (Sat. v. 15 Vahl.); imitated Verg. A. 11, 602 Serv.; Liv. 44, 41, 6: mare cum horret fluctibus, is ruffled, rough, Att. ap. Non. 422, 33:

duris cautibus horrens Caucasus,

Verg. A. 4, 366:

silvis horrentia saxa fragosis,

Ov. M. 4, 778. —

Transf.

To move in an unsteady, shaking manner.

In gen., to shake, tremble (very rare):

corpus ut impulsae segetes Aquilonibus horret,

Ov. H. 10, 139; cf. horresco.—

In partic.

To shake, shiver with cold, rigere ( poet. and very rare):

saepe etiam dominae, quamvis horrebis et ipse, Algentis manus est calfacienda sinu,

Ov. A. A. 2, 213:

horrenti tunicam non reddere servo,

Juv. 1, 93:

sola pruinosis horret facundia pannis,

Petr. 83.—

To tremble, shudder, quake with fright; more freq. as a verb. act., with an object, to shudder or be frightened at, to tremble at, be afraid of (the class. signif. of the word, equally freq. in prose and poetry; cf.: exsecror, abominor, aversor, abhorreo, odi, exhorresco).

Absol.:

totus, Parmeno, Tremo horreoque, postquam aspexi hanc,

Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 4: Ph. Extimuit tum illa? Me. Horret corpus, cor salit, Plaut. Cist. 2, 3, 9:

arrectis auribus horrent Quadrupedes monstrique metu turbantur,

Ov. M. 15, 516:

scilicet horreres majoraque monstra putares, si mulier vitulum ederet,

Juv. 2, 122.—

With acc.:

si qui imbecillius horrent dolorem et reformidant,

Cic. Tusc. 5, 30, 85:

deorum (conscientiam) horrere,

id. Fin. 1, 16, 51:

judicium et crimen,

id. Verr. 2, 5, 29, § 74; cf.:

ingrati animi crimen,

id. Att. 9, 2, A, 2:

ipsam victoriam,

id. Fam. 7, 3, 2: Ariovisti crudelitatem, * Caes. B. G. 1, 32, 4:

nomen ipsum accusatoris,

Quint. 12, 7, 1:

fragilitatis humanae vires,

Plin. Pan. 27, 1:

pauperiem,

Hor. S. 2, 5, 9:

onus,

id. Ep. 1, 17, 39:

iratum mare,

id. Epod. 2, 6:

nutum divitis,

id. Ep. 1, 18, 11:

strictas secures trepida cervice,

Sil. 6, 695 et saep.:

te Negligit aut horret,

Hor. Ep. 1, 7, 64; cf.:

quem dives amicus odit et horret,

id. ib. 1, 18, 25:

horrent admotas vulnera cruda manus,

Ov. P. 1, 3, 16:

aciem ac tela horrere,

Liv. 21, 53, 2; Curt. 7, 8, 4; 9, 2, 33:

illam, quam laudibus effert, horrere,

to loathe, Juv. 6, 183. —

With an inf. or relat.-clause:

ego vestris armis armatus non horrui in hunc locum progredi,

Cic. Agr. 2, 37, 101:

horreo dicere,

Liv. 7, 40, 9:

horret animus referre,

id. 2, 37, 6; 28, 29, 4; Lact. 7, 15, 11; 6, 17, 7:

dominatio tanto in odio est omnibus, ut quorsus eruptura sit, horreamus,

Cic. Att. 2, 21, 1; 1, 27, 1:

quemadmodum accepturi sitis, horreo,

id. Phil. 7, 3, 8.—

With ne:

eo plus horreo, ne illae magis res nos ceperint, quam nos illas,

Liv. 34, 4, 3.—

To shudder with amazement, to be astonished, amazed (very rare):

quae mehercule ego, Crasse, cum tractantur in causis, horrere soleo,

Cic. de Or. 2, 45, 188:

animo horrere,

id. Dom. 55, 140:

cogitatione,

Curt. 9, 6, 12; cf. horrendus, 2.—

To be of a rough or frightful appearance; to look rough, look frightful; to be terrible, dreadful, horrid (rare; mostly poet.):

possetne uno tempore florere, deinde vicissim horrere terra,

Cic. N. D. 2, 7, 19: quaedam loca frigoribus hiemis intolerabiliter horrent, Col. 1, 4, 9; German. Progn. 2, 158; cf.: nec fera tempestas toto tamen horret in anno. Ov. F. 1, 495:

Phoebus,

Stat. Th. 4, 1.—

Trop.:

horrebant saevis omnia verba minis,

Ov. R. Am. 664.—Hence,

horrens, entis, P. a. (acc. to I.), bristly, shaggy, rough ( poet. and very rare):

horrens Arcadius sus,

Lucr. 5, 25:

horrentique atrum nemus imminet umbra,

Verg. A. 1, 165:

horrentes Marte Latinos,

id. ib. 10, 237:

horrensque feris altaribus Esus,

Luc. 1, 445.—

hor-rendus, a, um, P. a.

(Acc. to II. A. 2. b.) Dreadful, terrible, fearful, terrific, horrible (mostly poet. and in post-Aug. prose):

horrendum et dictu video mirabile monstrum,

Verg. A. 3, 26:

truces horrendaeque imagines,

Plin. Pan. 52, 5:

silva invia atque horrenda,

Liv. 9, 36, 1:

Roma,

Hor. C. 3, 3, 45:

rabies,

id. S. 2, 3, 323:

diluvies,

id. C. 4, 14, 27:

tempestas (with foeda),

Vell. 2, 100, 2:

nox,

Ov. F. 6, 140:

vox,

Val. Fl. 1, 210; cf.:

lex erat horrendi carminis,

Liv. 1, 26, 6:

juvenis Parthis horrendus,

Hor. S. 2, 5, 62:

pallor utrasque Fecerat horrendas aspectu,

id. ib. 1, 8, 26:

res horrenda relatu,

Ov. M. 15, 298:

horrendum dictu!

Verg. A. 4, 454.— Neutr. adv.:

belua Lernae Horrendum stridens,

Verg. A. 6, 288:

arma Horrendum sonuere,

id. ib. 9, 732;

12, 700: intonet horrendum,

Juv. 6, 485.— Plur.:

horrenda circumsonantibus Alemannis,

Amm. 27, 10, 10.—

In a good sense, wonderful, awful, venerable ( poet.):

horrenda virgo (Camilla),

Verg. A. 11, 507:

horrendae procul secreta Sibyllae,

id. ib. 6, 10:

tectum augustum, ingens... Horrendum silvis et religione parentum,

id. ib. 7, 172. — Adv.: horrendē, dreadfully, Vulg. Sap. 6, 5; 17, 3.

horrĕo, ui, ēre, v. n. and a. [for horseo, kindred to Sanscr. hrish, to stand erect, to bristle], to stand on end, stand erect, to bristle.

Lit. (for the most part only poet.;

not in Ciceron. prose): in corpore pili, ut arista in spica hordei, horrent,

Varr. L. L. 6, § 49 Müll.; cf.:

et setae densis similes hastilibus horrent,

Ov. M. 8, 285:

saepe horrere sacros doluit Latona capillos,

Tib. 2, 3, 23:

horrentibus per totum corpus villis,

Plin. 8, 40, 61, § 150:

horrentes barbae,

Petr. 99:

horrentibus scopulis gradum inferre,

Plin. Pan. 81, 1:

horrentes rubi,

Verg. G. 3, 315:

horrentibus hastis,

id. A. 10, 178:

horrebant densis aspera crura pilis,

Ov. F. 2, 348:

rigidis setis,

id. M. 13, 846:

horret capillis ut marinus asperis Echinus aut currens aper,

Hor. Epod. 5, 27:

pervigil ecce draco squamis crepitantibus horrens Sibilat,

Ov. H. 12, 101: densantur campis horrentia tela virorum, Enn. ap. Prisc. p. 866 P. (Ann. v. 288 Vahl.); cf.: hastis longis campus splendet et horret, id. ap. Macr. S. 6, 4 (Sat. v. 15 Vahl.); imitated Verg. A. 11, 602 Serv.; Liv. 44, 41, 6: mare cum horret fluctibus, is ruffled, rough, Att. ap. Non. 422, 33:

duris cautibus horrens Caucasus,

Verg. A. 4, 366:

silvis horrentia saxa fragosis,

Ov. M. 4, 778. —

Transf.

To move in an unsteady, shaking manner.

In gen., to shake, tremble (very rare):

corpus ut impulsae segetes Aquilonibus horret,

Ov. H. 10, 139; cf. horresco.—

In partic.

To shake, shiver with cold, rigere ( poet. and very rare):

saepe etiam dominae, quamvis horrebis et ipse, Algentis manus est calfacienda sinu,

Ov. A. A. 2, 213:

horrenti tunicam non reddere servo,

Juv. 1, 93:

sola pruinosis horret facundia pannis,

Petr. 83.—

To tremble, shudder, quake with fright; more freq. as a verb. act., with an object, to shudder or be frightened at, to tremble at, be afraid of (the class. signif. of the word, equally freq. in prose and poetry; cf.: exsecror, abominor, aversor, abhorreo, odi, exhorresco).

Absol.:

totus, Parmeno, Tremo horreoque, postquam aspexi hanc,

Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 4: Ph. Extimuit tum illa? Me. Horret corpus, cor salit, Plaut. Cist. 2, 3, 9:

arrectis auribus horrent Quadrupedes monstrique metu turbantur,

Ov. M. 15, 516:

scilicet horreres majoraque monstra putares, si mulier vitulum ederet,

Juv. 2, 122.—

With acc.:

si qui imbecillius horrent dolorem et reformidant,

Cic. Tusc. 5, 30, 85:

deorum (conscientiam) horrere,

id. Fin. 1, 16, 51:

judicium et crimen,

id. Verr. 2, 5, 29, § 74; cf.:

ingrati animi crimen,

id. Att. 9, 2, A, 2:

ipsam victoriam,

id. Fam. 7, 3, 2: Ariovisti crudelitatem, * Caes. B. G. 1, 32, 4:

nomen ipsum accusatoris,

Quint. 12, 7, 1:

fragilitatis humanae vires,

Plin. Pan. 27, 1:

pauperiem,

Hor. S. 2, 5, 9:

onus,

id. Ep. 1, 17, 39:

iratum mare,

id. Epod. 2, 6:

nutum divitis,

id. Ep. 1, 18, 11:

strictas secures trepida cervice,

Sil. 6, 695 et saep.:

te Negligit aut horret,

Hor. Ep. 1, 7, 64; cf.:

quem dives amicus odit et horret,

id. ib. 1, 18, 25:

horrent admotas vulnera cruda manus,

Ov. P. 1, 3, 16:

aciem ac tela horrere,

Liv. 21, 53, 2; Curt. 7, 8, 4; 9, 2, 33:

illam, quam laudibus effert, horrere,

to loathe, Juv. 6, 183. —

With an inf. or relat.-clause:

ego vestris armis armatus non horrui in hunc locum progredi,

Cic. Agr. 2, 37, 101:

horreo dicere,

Liv. 7, 40, 9:

horret animus referre,

id. 2, 37, 6; 28, 29, 4; Lact. 7, 15, 11; 6, 17, 7:

dominatio tanto in odio est omnibus, ut quorsus eruptura sit, horreamus,

Cic. Att. 2, 21, 1; 1, 27, 1:

quemadmodum accepturi sitis, horreo,

id. Phil. 7, 3, 8.—

With ne:

eo plus horreo, ne illae magis res nos ceperint, quam nos illas,

Liv. 34, 4, 3.—

To shudder with amazement, to be astonished, amazed (very rare):

quae mehercule ego, Crasse, cum tractantur in causis, horrere soleo,

Cic. de Or. 2, 45, 188:

animo horrere,

id. Dom. 55, 140:

cogitatione,

Curt. 9, 6, 12; cf. horrendus, 2.—

To be of a rough or frightful appearance; to look rough, look frightful; to be terrible, dreadful, horrid (rare; mostly poet.):

possetne uno tempore florere, deinde vicissim horrere terra,

Cic. N. D. 2, 7, 19: quaedam loca frigoribus hiemis intolerabiliter horrent, Col. 1, 4, 9; German. Progn. 2, 158; cf.: nec fera tempestas toto tamen horret in anno. Ov. F. 1, 495:

Phoebus,

Stat. Th. 4, 1.—

Trop.:

horrebant saevis omnia verba minis,

Ov. R. Am. 664.—Hence,

horrens, entis, P. a. (acc. to I.), bristly, shaggy, rough ( poet. and very rare):

horrens Arcadius sus,

Lucr. 5, 25:

horrentique atrum nemus imminet umbra,

Verg. A. 1, 165:

horrentes Marte Latinos,

id. ib. 10, 237:

horrensque feris altaribus Esus,

Luc. 1, 445.—

hor-rendus, a, um, P. a.

(Acc. to II. A. 2. b.) Dreadful, terrible, fearful, terrific, horrible (mostly poet. and in post-Aug. prose):

horrendum et dictu video mirabile monstrum,

Verg. A. 3, 26:

truces horrendaeque imagines,

Plin. Pan. 52, 5:

silva invia atque horrenda,

Liv. 9, 36, 1:

Roma,

Hor. C. 3, 3, 45:

rabies,

id. S. 2, 3, 323:

diluvies,

id. C. 4, 14, 27:

tempestas (with foeda),

Vell. 2, 100, 2:

nox,

Ov. F. 6, 140:

vox,

Val. Fl. 1, 210; cf.:

lex erat horrendi carminis,

Liv. 1, 26, 6:

juvenis Parthis horrendus,

Hor. S. 2, 5, 62:

pallor utrasque Fecerat horrendas aspectu,

id. ib. 1, 8, 26:

res horrenda relatu,

Ov. M. 15, 298:

horrendum dictu!

Verg. A. 4, 454.— Neutr. adv.:

belua Lernae Horrendum stridens,

Verg. A. 6, 288:

arma Horrendum sonuere,

id. ib. 9, 732;

12, 700: intonet horrendum,

Juv. 6, 485.— Plur.:

horrenda circumsonantibus Alemannis,

Amm. 27, 10, 10.—

In a good sense, wonderful, awful, venerable ( poet.):

horrenda virgo (Camilla),

Verg. A. 11, 507:

horrendae procul secreta Sibyllae,

id. ib. 6, 10:

tectum augustum, ingens... Horrendum silvis et religione parentum,

id. ib. 7, 172. — Adv.: horrendē, dreadfully, Vulg. Sap. 6, 5; 17, 3.

horrĕo, ui, ēre, v. n. and a. [for horseo, kindred to Sanscr. hrish, to stand erect, to bristle], to stand on end, stand erect, to bristle.

Lit. (for the most part only poet.;

not in Ciceron. prose): in corpore pili, ut arista in spica hordei, horrent,

Varr. L. L. 6, § 49 Müll.; cf.:

et setae densis similes hastilibus horrent,

Ov. M. 8, 285:

saepe horrere sacros doluit Latona capillos,

Tib. 2, 3, 23:

horrentibus per totum corpus villis,

Plin. 8, 40, 61, § 150:

horrentes barbae,

Petr. 99:

horrentibus scopulis gradum inferre,

Plin. Pan. 81, 1:

horrentes rubi,

Verg. G. 3, 315:

horrentibus hastis,

id. A. 10, 178:

horrebant densis aspera crura pilis,

Ov. F. 2, 348:

rigidis setis,

id. M. 13, 846:

horret capillis ut marinus asperis Echinus aut currens aper,

Hor. Epod. 5, 27:

pervigil ecce draco squamis crepitantibus horrens Sibilat,

Ov. H. 12, 101: densantur campis horrentia tela virorum, Enn. ap. Prisc. p. 866 P. (Ann. v. 288 Vahl.); cf.: hastis longis campus splendet et horret, id. ap. Macr. S. 6, 4 (Sat. v. 15 Vahl.); imitated Verg. A. 11, 602 Serv.; Liv. 44, 41, 6: mare cum horret fluctibus, is ruffled, rough, Att. ap. Non. 422, 33:

duris cautibus horrens Caucasus,

Verg. A. 4, 366:

silvis horrentia saxa fragosis,

Ov. M. 4, 778. —

Transf.

To move in an unsteady, shaking manner.

In gen., to shake, tremble (very rare):

corpus ut impulsae segetes Aquilonibus horret,

Ov. H. 10, 139; cf. horresco.—

In partic.

To shake, shiver with cold, rigere ( poet. and very rare):

saepe etiam dominae, quamvis horrebis et ipse, Algentis manus est calfacienda sinu,

Ov. A. A. 2, 213:

horrenti tunicam non reddere servo,

Juv. 1, 93:

sola pruinosis horret facundia pannis,

Petr. 83.—

To tremble, shudder, quake with fright; more freq. as a verb. act., with an object, to shudder or be frightened at, to tremble at, be afraid of (the class. signif. of the word, equally freq. in prose and poetry; cf.: exsecror, abominor, aversor, abhorreo, odi, exhorresco).

Absol.:

totus, Parmeno, Tremo horreoque, postquam aspexi hanc,

Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 4: Ph. Extimuit tum illa? Me. Horret corpus, cor salit, Plaut. Cist. 2, 3, 9:

arrectis auribus horrent Quadrupedes monstrique metu turbantur,

Ov. M. 15, 516:

scilicet horreres majoraque monstra putares, si mulier vitulum ederet,

Juv. 2, 122.—

With acc.:

si qui imbecillius horrent dolorem et reformidant,

Cic. Tusc. 5, 30, 85:

deorum (conscientiam) horrere,

id. Fin. 1, 16, 51:

judicium et crimen,

id. Verr. 2, 5, 29, § 74; cf.:

ingrati animi crimen,

id. Att. 9, 2, A, 2:

ipsam victoriam,

id. Fam. 7, 3, 2: Ariovisti crudelitatem, * Caes. B. G. 1, 32, 4:

nomen ipsum accusatoris,

Quint. 12, 7, 1:

fragilitatis humanae vires,

Plin. Pan. 27, 1:

pauperiem,

Hor. S. 2, 5, 9:

onus,

id. Ep. 1, 17, 39:

iratum mare,

id. Epod. 2, 6:

nutum divitis,

id. Ep. 1, 18, 11:

strictas secures trepida cervice,

Sil. 6, 695 et saep.:

te Negligit aut horret,

Hor. Ep. 1, 7, 64; cf.:

quem dives amicus odit et horret,

id. ib. 1, 18, 25:

horrent admotas vulnera cruda manus,

Ov. P. 1, 3, 16:

aciem ac tela horrere,

Liv. 21, 53, 2; Curt. 7, 8, 4; 9, 2, 33:

illam, quam laudibus effert, horrere,

to loathe, Juv. 6, 183. —

With an inf. or relat.-clause:

ego vestris armis armatus non horrui in hunc locum progredi,

Cic. Agr. 2, 37, 101:

horreo dicere,

Liv. 7, 40, 9:

horret animus referre,

id. 2, 37, 6; 28, 29, 4; Lact. 7, 15, 11; 6, 17, 7:

dominatio tanto in odio est omnibus, ut quorsus eruptura sit, horreamus,

Cic. Att. 2, 21, 1; 1, 27, 1:

quemadmodum accepturi sitis, horreo,

id. Phil. 7, 3, 8.—

With ne:

eo plus horreo, ne illae magis res nos ceperint, quam nos illas,

Liv. 34, 4, 3.—

To shudder with amazement, to be astonished, amazed (very rare):

quae mehercule ego, Crasse, cum tractantur in causis, horrere soleo,

Cic. de Or. 2, 45, 188:

animo horrere,

id. Dom. 55, 140:

cogitatione,

Curt. 9, 6, 12; cf. horrendus, 2.—

To be of a rough or frightful appearance; to look rough, look frightful; to be terrible, dreadful, horrid (rare; mostly poet.):

possetne uno tempore florere, deinde vicissim horrere terra,

Cic. N. D. 2, 7, 19: quaedam loca frigoribus hiemis intolerabiliter horrent, Col. 1, 4, 9; German. Progn. 2, 158; cf.: nec fera tempestas toto tamen horret in anno. Ov. F. 1, 495:

Phoebus,

Stat. Th. 4, 1.—

Trop.:

horrebant saevis omnia verba minis,

Ov. R. Am. 664.—Hence,

horrens, entis, P. a. (acc. to I.), bristly, shaggy, rough ( poet. and very rare):

horrens Arcadius sus,

Lucr. 5, 25:

horrentique atrum nemus imminet umbra,

Verg. A. 1, 165:

horrentes Marte Latinos,

id. ib. 10, 237:

horrensque feris altaribus Esus,

Luc. 1, 445.—

hor-rendus, a, um, P. a.

(Acc. to II. A. 2. b.) Dreadful, terrible, fearful, terrific, horrible (mostly poet. and in post-Aug. prose):

horrendum et dictu video mirabile monstrum,

Verg. A. 3, 26:

truces horrendaeque imagines,

Plin. Pan. 52, 5:

silva invia atque horrenda,

Liv. 9, 36, 1:

Roma,

Hor. C. 3, 3, 45:

rabies,

id. S. 2, 3, 323:

diluvies,

id. C. 4, 14, 27:

tempestas (with foeda),

Vell. 2, 100, 2:

nox,

Ov. F. 6, 140:

vox,

Val. Fl. 1, 210; cf.:

lex erat horrendi carminis,

Liv. 1, 26, 6:

juvenis Parthis horrendus,

Hor. S. 2, 5, 62:

pallor utrasque Fecerat horrendas aspectu,

id. ib. 1, 8, 26:

res horrenda relatu,

Ov. M. 15, 298:

horrendum dictu!

Verg. A. 4, 454.— Neutr. adv.:

belua Lernae Horrendum stridens,

Verg. A. 6, 288:

arma Horrendum sonuere,

id. ib. 9, 732;

12, 700: intonet horrendum,

Juv. 6, 485.— Plur.:

horrenda circumsonantibus Alemannis,

Amm. 27, 10, 10.—

In a good sense, wonderful, awful, venerable ( poet.):

horrenda virgo (Camilla),

Verg. A. 11, 507:

horrendae procul secreta Sibyllae,

id. ib. 6, 10:

tectum augustum, ingens... Horrendum silvis et religione parentum,

id. ib. 7, 172. — Adv.: horrendē, dreadfully, Vulg. Sap. 6, 5; 17, 3.

nē (old forms nei and ni; v. the foll.), adv. and conj., the primitive Latin negative particle, no, not; whereas the negative particle non is a derivative (v. non init.) [prob. of pronominal origin; cf. the Anglo-Saxon na and ne (Engl. no), whence naht (Engl. not) is derived; Sanscr. na, not].

Adv., with a single word of a proposition (in early Latin): NE MINVS TRINVM NOVNDINVM, not less than, etc., S. C. de Bacch.; cf. with DVM NE MINVS SENATORIBVS C. ADESENT, twice in the same S. C.;

and in the form ni: DVM NI MINVS VIGINTI ADSIENT,

Inscr. Grut. 207, 3. So too:

DVM NE AMPLIOREM MODVM PRATORVM HABEANT QVAM, etc.,

Inscr. Orell. 3121 (Sententia de finibus inter Genuates et Viturios regundis lata A. U. C. 637). So, ne minores (verres) quam semestres, Varr. R. R. 2, 4, 21. In the time of Plautus the usage was unsettled, non and ne being used indifferently for simple negation; cf. Lorenz ad Plaut. Most. 105; Brix ad Plaut. Trin. 1156.—

To this is allied the adverbial use of ne in all periods of the language.

Ne... quidem, applies the negation with emphasis to the word between them, not even:

ne sues quidem id velint, non modo ipse,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 38, 92:

ne in oppidis quidem... ne in fanis quidem,

id. Verr. 2, 4, 1, § 2:

Philippus non item: itaque ne nos quidem,

id. Att. 14, 12, 2:

nulla ne minima quidem aura fluctus commovente,

id. Tusc. 5, 6, 16:

non potest dici satis, ne cogitari quidem, quantum, etc.,

id. Mil. 29, 78:

vita beata, quam ne in deo quidem esse censes, nisi, etc.,

id. N. D. 1, 24, 67:

ut in foro et in judicio... ne non timere quidem sine aliquo timore possimus,

id. Mil. 1, 2:

ne tondere quidem Vellera possunt,

Verg. G. 3, 561;

so after a negative, repeating it with emphasis: non enim praetereundum est ne id quidem,

Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 60, § 155:

nulla species ne excogitari quidem potest ornatior,

id. de Or. 3, 45, 179:

non praetermittam ne illud quidem,

id. Q. Fr. 2, 5, 2:

Caesar negat se ne Graeca quidem meliora legisse,

id. ib. 2, 16, 5:

numquam illum ne minima quidem re offendi,

id. Lael. 27, 103; Liv. 28, 42, 16; but when ne... quidem precedes, the negative of the principal verb is omitted:

sine quā ne intellegi quidem ulla virtus potest,

Cic. Tusc. 2, 13, 31:

neque enim ipsius quidem regis abhorrebat animus,

Liv. 29, 12, 10: ne quidem (with no intervening word), not even (late Lat.), Gai Inst. 1, 67; id. ib. 3, 93.—

In composition, to make an absolute negation of the principal idea. So in neque and nequiquam; also in nescio and nevolo; and in nefas, nefandus, nepus (for non purus), nequeo, neuter, neutiquam; in nemo, nego, nihil, nullus, numquam, and nusquam; and, lastly, with a paragogic c before o: necopinans and neglego; negotium (i. e. nec-lego; nec-otium). —

With a proposition (in all periods of the language, and exclusively),

In imperative sentences, to signify that something must not be done.

With imper.: SI HOMINEM FVLMEN IOVIS OCCISIT, NE SVPRA GENVA TOLLITOR, let him not be raised, Leg. Reg.: HOMINEM MORTVVM IN VRBE NE SEPELITO NEVE VRITO, Fragm. XII. Tab. ap. Cic. Leg. 2, 23; cf.: MVLIERES GENAS NE RADVNTO NEVE LESSVM FVNERIS ERGO HABENTO, ib.: SI NOLET, ARCERAM NE STERNITO, let him not spread, he need not spread, ib. (cf. Gell. 20, 1, 25):

VECTIGAL INVITEI DARE NEI DEBENTO,

Inscr. Orell. 3121; cf.

art. ni, II.: abi, ne jura: satis credo,

Plaut. Pers. 4, 3, 20; 4, 5, 5:

ah, ne saevi tantopere,

Ter. And. 5, 2, 27:

impius ne audeto placare donis iram deorum,

Cic. Leg. 2, 9, 22:

ne, pueri, ne tanta animis assuescite bella,

Verg. A. 6, 832.—

With subj.:

ne me moveatis,

Plaut. Mil. 4, 9, 1:

si certum est facere, facias: verum ne post conferas Culpam in me,

Ter. Eun. 2, 3, 96:

si denique veritas extorquebit, ne repugnetis,

Cic. Clu. 2, 6:

ne pudori Sit tibi Musa lyrae sollers,

Hor. A. P. 406.—

In wishes and asseverations: ne id Juppiter Opt. Max. sineret, etc., might Jupiter forbid it! etc., Liv. 4, 2; cf.:

ne istuc Juppiter Opt. Max. sirit, etc.,

id. 28, 28.—With utinam: utinam ne in nemore Pelio securibus Caesa accedisset abiegna ad terram trabes, would that not, Enn. ap. Cic. Top. 16, 61 (Trag. v. 280 Vahl.): utinam ne umquam, Mede Colchis cupido corde pedem extulisses, Enn ap. Non. 297, 18 (Trag. v. 311 ib.):

illud utinam ne vere scriberem!

Cic. Fam. 5, 17, 3; v. utinam.—With si:

ne vivam, si scio,

may I not live, may I die, if I know, Cic. Att. 4, 16, 8:

sed ne vivam, si tibi concedo,

id. Fam. 7, 23, 19:

ne sim salvus, si aliter scribo ac sentio,

id. ib. 16, 13, 1.—

In concessive and restrictive clauses (conceived as softened commands; cf. II. init.).

In concessions, nemo is, inquies, umquam fuit. Ne fuerit:

ego enim, etc.,

there may not have been; suppose there was not, Cic. Or. 29, 101; cf.:

pugnes omnino, sed cum adversario facili. Ne sit sane: videri certe potest,

id. Ac. 2, 26, 85; 2, 32, 102:

ne sit sane summum malum dolor: malum certe est,

id. Tusc. 2, 5, 14:

ne sint in senectute vires: ne postulantur quidem vires a senectute,

id. Sen. 11, 34:

ne sit igitur sol, ne luna, ne stellae, quoniam nihil esse potest, nisi quod attigimus aut vidimus,

id. N. D. 1, 31, 88; Liv. 31, 7:

nec porro malum, quo aut oppressus jaceas, aut, ne opprimare, mente vix constes?

though you be not crushed; supposing you are not crushed, Cic. Tusc. 4, 17, 39.—

In restrictive clauses:

sint sane liberales ex sociorum fortunis, sint misericordes in furibus aerarii, ne illi sanguinem nostrum largiantur, etc.,

only let them not; if they only will not, Sall. C. 52, 12. So, dum ne, dummodo ne, modo ne, and dum quidem ne; v. dum and modo: me vero nihil istorum ne juvenem quidem movit umquam: ne nunc senem, much less now I am old = nedum, Cic. Fam. 9, 26, 2; cf.:

vix incedo inanis, ne ire posse cum onere existumes,

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 174: scuta si homines inviti dant, etsi ad salutem communem dari sentiunt: ne quem putetis sine maximo dolore argentum caelatum domo protulisse, much less can you suppose, etc., Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 23, § 52; Liv. 3, 52.—

In clauses which denote a purpose or result.

Ut ne, that not, lest, so that not (very rare after the August. period; in Livy only in a few doubtful passages; in Cæsar, Seneca, and Tacitus not at all; v. under II.): quos ego ope meā Pro incertis certos... Dimitto, ut ne res temere tractent turbidas, Enn. ap. Cic. de Or. 1, 45, 199 (Trag v. 189 Vahl.): vestem ut ne inquinet, Plaut. Capt. 2, 2, 17. pergunt turbare usque, ut ne quid possit conquiescere, id. Most. 5, 1, 12:

haec mihi nunc cura est maxima, ut ne cui meae Longinquitas aetatis obstet,

Ter. Hec. 4, 2, 19:

ego, pol, te ulciscar, ut ne impune nos illuseris,

id. Eun. 5, 4, 19:

excitandam esse animadversionem et diligentiam, ut ne quid inconsiderate negligenterque agamus,

Cic. Off. 1, 29, 103:

equidem soleo dare operam, ut de suā quisque re me ipse doceat, et, ut ne quis alius assit, quo, etc.,

id. de Or. 2, 24, 102.—

Ut... ne separated:

quam plurimis de rebus ad me velim scribas, ut prorsus ne quid ignorem,

Cic. Att. 3, 10, 3:

ut causae communi salutique ne deessent,

id. Verr. 2, 4, 63, § 140:

lata lex est, ne auspicia valerent, ut omnibus fastis diebus legem ferri liceret: ut lex Aelia, lex Fufia ne valeret,

id. Sest. 15, 33; id. N. D. 1, 7, 17:

vos orant atque obsecrant, judices, ut in actore causae suae deligendo vestrum judicium ab suo judicio ne discrepet,

id. Div. in Caecil. 4, 14.—

Qui ne, quo ne, and quomodo ne (ante- and post-class. for ut ne):

ego id agam, mihi qui ne detur,

Ter. And. 2, 1, 35:

moxque ad aram, quo ne hostis dolum persentisceret, aversusque a duce assistit,

Dict. Cret. 4, 11: quaeritis maximis sumptibus faciendis, quomodo ne tributa conferatis, Gr. hôs mê, Rutil. Lup. 1, 9.

In the several uses of the adv. ne, described above, the transition to its use to connect clauses is clearly seen (v. esp. I. B. 3. and 4.). In intentional clauses, and after verbs of fearing and avoiding, ne becomes a conjunction.

In intentional clauses for ut ne, that not, lest: nolite, hospites, ad me adire: ilico isti! Ne contagio mea bonis umbrave obsit, approach me not; let not my presence harm you, i. e. lest my presence should harm you, Enn. ap. Cic. Tusc. 3, 12, 26 (Trag. v. 405 Vahl.):

omitto innumerabiles viros, quorum singuli saluti huic civitati fuerunt... ne quis se aut suorum aliquem praetermissum queratur,

Cic. Rep. 1, 1, 1; 1, 7, 12; 1, 5, 9:

Caesarem complexus obsecrare coepit, ne quid gravius in fratrem statueret,

Caes. B. G. 1, 20.—Esp. after verbs expressing forethought, care, etc.:

vide sis, ne quid imprudens ruas,

Ter. Heaut. 2, 3, 128:

considera, ne in alienissimum tempus cadat adventus tuus,

Cic. Fam. 15, 14, 4:

Cocceius, vide, ne frustretur,

Cic. Att. 12, 18, 3 et saep.—

After verbs signifying to fear, frighten, etc. (esp. metuo, timeo, vereor, horreo, paveo, terreo, conterreo; also, timor est, metus est, spes est, periculum est), to express the wish that something may not take place; represented in English by that (because in English the particle depends on the idea of fearing, not of wishing):

metuo et timeo, ne hoc tandem propalam flat,

that it will be discovered, Plaut. Mil. 4, 8, 38:

timeo ne malefacta mea sint inventa omnia,

id. Truc. 4, 2, 61:

vereor ne quid Andria apportet mali,

Ter. And. 1, 1, 46:

metuebat ne indicarent,

Cic. Mil. 21, 57:

mater cruciatur et sollicita est, ne filium spoliatum omni dignitate conspiciat,

id. Mur. 41, 88:

hic ne quid mihi prorogetur, horreo,

id. Att. 5, 21, 3:

id paves, ne ducas tu illam, tu autem ut ducas,

Ter. And. 2, 2, 12:

esse metus coepit, ne, etc.,

Ov. M. 7, 715:

terruit gentīs, grave ne rediret Saeculum Pyrrhae,

Hor. C. 1, 2, 5:

non periclumst, nequid recte monstres,

Plaut. Ps. 1, 3, 55:

pavor ceperat milites, ne mortiferum esset vulnus,

Liv. 24, 42 —

When the dependent clause is negative, with non or nihil, that not:

vereor ne exercitum firmum habere non possit,

Cic. Att. 7, 12, 2:

unum vereor ne senatus Pompeium nolit dimittere,

id. ib. 5, 18, 1:

timeo ne non impetrem,

id. ib. 9, 6, 6; id. Tusc. 1, 31, 76.—

With the negative before the verb:

non vereor, ne quid temere facias,

Cic. Fam. 2, 7, 1; 2, 1, 4:

timere non debeo, ne non iste illā cruce dignus judicetur,

id. Verr. 2, 5, 67, § 171.—

After verbs signifying to avoid, warn, hinder, forbid, refuse (caveo, impedio, resisto, interdico, refuto, rarely veto), instead of the simple object, that not, lest:

qui cavet, ne decipiatur, etc.,

Plaut. Capt. 2, 2, 5:

cavete, judices, ne nova proscriptio instaurata esse videatur,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 53, 153; id. Fam. 3, 12, 4;

v. caveo: casus quidam ne facerem impedivit,

Cic. Fat. 1, 1:

unus ne caperetur urbs causa fuit,

Liv. 34, 39. [p. 1194]

- nĕ (also apocopated n' and only n), interrog. and enclit. part. [weakened from nē]. It simply inquires, without implying either that a negative or an affirmative reply is expected (cf. num, nonne), and emphasizes the word to which it is joined;

which is always, in classic Latin, the first word of the clause (ante- class. after other words: sine dote uxoremne?

Plaut. Trin. 2, 2, 94; 1, 2, 141; id. As. 5, 2, 78; id. Mil. 3, 1, 92). In direct questions it is translated by giving an interrogative form to the sentence; in indirect interrogations by whether.

In direct interrogations, with indic.:

meministine me in senatu dicere? etc.,

Cic. Cat. 1, 3, 7:

potestne rerum major esse dissensio?

id. Fin. 3, 13, 44:

tune id veritus es?

id. Q. Fr. 1, 3, 1:

jamne vides, belua, jamne sentis? etc.,

id. Pis. 1, 1:

quid, si etiam falsum illud omnino est? tamenne ista tam absurda defendes?

id. N. D. 1, 29, 81; cf. id. Rosc. Am. 15, 44:

quiane auxilio juvat ante levatos?

Verg. A. 4, 538:

tun' te audes Sosiam esse dicere?

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 217:

valuistin?

id. Trin. 1, 2, 12.—After an elided s:

satin habes, si feminarum nulla'st: quam aeque diligam?

Plaut. Am. 1, 3, 11:

pergin autem?

id. ib. 1, 3, 41:

vin commutemus?

id. Trin. 1, 2, 21 al. —

Esp. with rel. pron.; ellipt.: quemne ego servavi? i. e. do you mean the one whom? etc., Plaut. Mil. 1, 1, 13: quodne vobis placeat, displiceat mihi? can it be that what pleases? etc., id. ib. 3, 1, 19; id. Merc. 3, 3, 12; id. Am. 2, 2, 65;

so quin for quine,

id. Trin. 2, 2, 79 Brix ad loc.; id. Bacch. 2, 3, 98; id. Most. 3, 2, 50 al.—So with ut and si:

utine adveniens vomitum excutias mulieri?

Plaut. Merc. 3, 3, 15; id. Rud. 4, 4, 19:

sin, saluti quod tibi esse censeo, id. consuadeo,

id. Merc. 1, 2, 32.—

In indirect interrogations, with subj., whether:

ut videamus, satisne ista sit justa defectio,

Cic. Ac. 1, 12, 43:

Publilius iturusne sit in Africam et quando, ex Aledio scire poteris,

id. Att. 12, 24, 1:

videto vasa, multane sient,

Cato, R. R. 1:

quem imitari possimusne, ipse liber erit indicio,

Varr. L. L. 7, § 4 Müll.; cf. id. ib. 10, § 9.—

Sometimes affixed to an interrogative pronoun, Plaut. Cist. 4, 1, 2:

quone malo mentem concussa? Timore deorum,

Hor. S. 2, 3, 295; cf.:

uterne Ad casus dubios fidet sibi certius?

id. ib. 2, 2, 107; and:

illa rogare: Quantane?

id. ib. 2, 3, 317.—

-ne is sometimes used for nonne, where an affirmative reply is expected:

misine ego ad te epistulam?

Plaut. Bacch. 3, 6, 22; id. Trin. 1, 2, 92; 99; id. Most. 2, 1, 15:

rectene interpretor sententiam tuam,

Cic. Tusc. 3, 17, 37; id. Fin. 2, 32, 104.—

Rarely = num:

potestne virtus servire?

Cic. de Or. 1, 52, 226:

potesne dicere?

id. Tusc. 1, 27, 67; id. Sen. 16, 56.—

With an, annon, or anne, in the second interrogation, v. an.—With necne, v. neque.—Sometimes pleonastic with utrum, followed by an (mostly anteclass.):

est etiam illa distinctio, utrum illudne non videatur aegre ferendum... an, etc.,

Cic. Tusc. 4, 27, 59:

sed utrum strictimne attonsurum dicam esse an per pectinem, nescio,

Plaut. Capt. 2, 2, 18 Brix ad loc.; id. Most. 3, 1, 151; id. Bacch. 1, 1, 42; cf. Madv. Gram. § 452, obs. 1.—Sometimes, in the second interrogation, ne for an (mostly poet.):

Smyrna quid et Colophon? Majora minorane fama?

Hor. Ep. 1, 11, 3:

ut in incerto fuerit, vicissent victine essent,

Liv. 5, 28, 5:

cum interrogaretur, utrum pluris patrem matremne faceret,

Nep. Iphicr. 3, 4.

nē, interj. (incorrectly written nae), = nai, nê, truly, verily, really, indeed (only joined with pers. pron. ego, tu, and with the demonstratives ille, iste, hic, and their advv.; in class, prose usually with a conditional clause).

In gen.:

ne ego homo infelix fui, Qui non alas intervelli,

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 169; cf.:

ne ego haud paulo hunc animum malim quam, etc.,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 42, 99:

ne ego, inquam, si ita est, velim tibi eum placere quam maxime,

id. Brut. 71, 249. So, ne tu, etc., id. Phil. 2, 2, 3; Ter. Eun. 2, 2, 54; Liv. 26, 6, 15: ne ille, Naev. ap. Non. 73, 18 (Trag. Rel. p. 9 v. 40 Rib.); Plaut. Ps. 3, 1, 3; Cic. Cat. 2, 3, 6:

ne iste,

Ter. And. 2, 1, 24; id. Heaut. 4, 1, 8 al.—

Connected with other affirmative particles, as hercle, edepol, mecastor, medius fidius:

ne tu hercle,

Plaut. As. 2, 4, 6; id. Curc. 1, 3, 38: ne ille hercle, id. Bacch. 2, 3, 76:

edepol ne ego,

id. Men. 5, 5, 10:

edepol ne tu,

id. ib. 1, 2, 50:

ne ista edepol,

id. Am. 2, 2, 213:

ne istuc mecastor,

id. Men. 5, 1, 34 (729 Ritschl):

ne ille, medius fidius,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 30, 74; cf.:

medius fidius ne tu,

id. Att. 4, 4, 6, § 2.— Rarely with a pron. poss.:

edepol ne meam operam, etc.,

Ter. Hec. 5, 3, 1. (All passages in which ne stands in classic prose without a pronoun are probably corrupt; cf. Haase in Reisig's Vorles. p. 379 sq.; v. Liv. 26, 31, 10; 34, 4, 16 Weissenb.)

nē (old forms nei and ni; v. the foll.), adv. and conj., the primitive Latin negative particle, no, not; whereas the negative particle non is a derivative (v. non init.) [prob. of pronominal origin; cf. the Anglo-Saxon na and ne (Engl. no), whence naht (Engl. not) is derived; Sanscr. na, not].

Adv., with a single word of a proposition (in early Latin): NE MINVS TRINVM NOVNDINVM, not less than, etc., S. C. de Bacch.; cf. with DVM NE MINVS SENATORIBVS C. ADESENT, twice in the same S. C.;

and in the form ni: DVM NI MINVS VIGINTI ADSIENT,

Inscr. Grut. 207, 3. So too:

DVM NE AMPLIOREM MODVM PRATORVM HABEANT QVAM, etc.,

Inscr. Orell. 3121 (Sententia de finibus inter Genuates et Viturios regundis lata A. U. C. 637). So, ne minores (verres) quam semestres, Varr. R. R. 2, 4, 21. In the time of Plautus the usage was unsettled, non and ne being used indifferently for simple negation; cf. Lorenz ad Plaut. Most. 105; Brix ad Plaut. Trin. 1156.—

To this is allied the adverbial use of ne in all periods of the language.

Ne... quidem, applies the negation with emphasis to the word between them, not even:

ne sues quidem id velint, non modo ipse,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 38, 92:

ne in oppidis quidem... ne in fanis quidem,

id. Verr. 2, 4, 1, § 2:

Philippus non item: itaque ne nos quidem,

id. Att. 14, 12, 2:

nulla ne minima quidem aura fluctus commovente,

id. Tusc. 5, 6, 16:

non potest dici satis, ne cogitari quidem, quantum, etc.,

id. Mil. 29, 78:

vita beata, quam ne in deo quidem esse censes, nisi, etc.,

id. N. D. 1, 24, 67:

ut in foro et in judicio... ne non timere quidem sine aliquo timore possimus,

id. Mil. 1, 2:

ne tondere quidem Vellera possunt,

Verg. G. 3, 561;

so after a negative, repeating it with emphasis: non enim praetereundum est ne id quidem,

Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 60, § 155:

nulla species ne excogitari quidem potest ornatior,

id. de Or. 3, 45, 179:

non praetermittam ne illud quidem,

id. Q. Fr. 2, 5, 2:

Caesar negat se ne Graeca quidem meliora legisse,

id. ib. 2, 16, 5:

numquam illum ne minima quidem re offendi,

id. Lael. 27, 103; Liv. 28, 42, 16; but when ne... quidem precedes, the negative of the principal verb is omitted:

sine quā ne intellegi quidem ulla virtus potest,

Cic. Tusc. 2, 13, 31:

neque enim ipsius quidem regis abhorrebat animus,

Liv. 29, 12, 10: ne quidem (with no intervening word), not even (late Lat.), Gai Inst. 1, 67; id. ib. 3, 93.—

In composition, to make an absolute negation of the principal idea. So in neque and nequiquam; also in nescio and nevolo; and in nefas, nefandus, nepus (for non purus), nequeo, neuter, neutiquam; in nemo, nego, nihil, nullus, numquam, and nusquam; and, lastly, with a paragogic c before o: necopinans and neglego; negotium (i. e. nec-lego; nec-otium). —

With a proposition (in all periods of the language, and exclusively),

In imperative sentences, to signify that something must not be done.

With imper.: SI HOMINEM FVLMEN IOVIS OCCISIT, NE SVPRA GENVA TOLLITOR, let him not be raised, Leg. Reg.: HOMINEM MORTVVM IN VRBE NE SEPELITO NEVE VRITO, Fragm. XII. Tab. ap. Cic. Leg. 2, 23; cf.: MVLIERES GENAS NE RADVNTO NEVE LESSVM FVNERIS ERGO HABENTO, ib.: SI NOLET, ARCERAM NE STERNITO, let him not spread, he need not spread, ib. (cf. Gell. 20, 1, 25):

VECTIGAL INVITEI DARE NEI DEBENTO,

Inscr. Orell. 3121; cf.

art. ni, II.: abi, ne jura: satis credo,

Plaut. Pers. 4, 3, 20; 4, 5, 5:

ah, ne saevi tantopere,

Ter. And. 5, 2, 27:

impius ne audeto placare donis iram deorum,

Cic. Leg. 2, 9, 22:

ne, pueri, ne tanta animis assuescite bella,

Verg. A. 6, 832.—

With subj.:

ne me moveatis,

Plaut. Mil. 4, 9, 1:

si certum est facere, facias: verum ne post conferas Culpam in me,

Ter. Eun. 2, 3, 96:

si denique veritas extorquebit, ne repugnetis,

Cic. Clu. 2, 6:

ne pudori Sit tibi Musa lyrae sollers,

Hor. A. P. 406.—

In wishes and asseverations: ne id Juppiter Opt. Max. sineret, etc., might Jupiter forbid it! etc., Liv. 4, 2; cf.:

ne istuc Juppiter Opt. Max. sirit, etc.,

id. 28, 28.—With utinam: utinam ne in nemore Pelio securibus Caesa accedisset abiegna ad terram trabes, would that not, Enn. ap. Cic. Top. 16, 61 (Trag. v. 280 Vahl.): utinam ne umquam, Mede Colchis cupido corde pedem extulisses, Enn ap. Non. 297, 18 (Trag. v. 311 ib.):

illud utinam ne vere scriberem!

Cic. Fam. 5, 17, 3; v. utinam.—With si:

ne vivam, si scio,

may I not live, may I die, if I know, Cic. Att. 4, 16, 8:

sed ne vivam, si tibi concedo,

id. Fam. 7, 23, 19:

ne sim salvus, si aliter scribo ac sentio,

id. ib. 16, 13, 1.—

In concessive and restrictive clauses (conceived as softened commands; cf. II. init.).

In concessions, nemo is, inquies, umquam fuit. Ne fuerit:

ego enim, etc.,

there may not have been; suppose there was not, Cic. Or. 29, 101; cf.:

pugnes omnino, sed cum adversario facili. Ne sit sane: videri certe potest,

id. Ac. 2, 26, 85; 2, 32, 102:

ne sit sane summum malum dolor: malum certe est,

id. Tusc. 2, 5, 14:

ne sint in senectute vires: ne postulantur quidem vires a senectute,

id. Sen. 11, 34:

ne sit igitur sol, ne luna, ne stellae, quoniam nihil esse potest, nisi quod attigimus aut vidimus,

id. N. D. 1, 31, 88; Liv. 31, 7:

nec porro malum, quo aut oppressus jaceas, aut, ne opprimare, mente vix constes?

though you be not crushed; supposing you are not crushed, Cic. Tusc. 4, 17, 39.—

In restrictive clauses:

sint sane liberales ex sociorum fortunis, sint misericordes in furibus aerarii, ne illi sanguinem nostrum largiantur, etc.,

only let them not; if they only will not, Sall. C. 52, 12. So, dum ne, dummodo ne, modo ne, and dum quidem ne; v. dum and modo: me vero nihil istorum ne juvenem quidem movit umquam: ne nunc senem, much less now I am old = nedum, Cic. Fam. 9, 26, 2; cf.:

vix incedo inanis, ne ire posse cum onere existumes,

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 174: scuta si homines inviti dant, etsi ad salutem communem dari sentiunt: ne quem putetis sine maximo dolore argentum caelatum domo protulisse, much less can you suppose, etc., Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 23, § 52; Liv. 3, 52.—

In clauses which denote a purpose or result.

Ut ne, that not, lest, so that not (very rare after the August. period; in Livy only in a few doubtful passages; in Cæsar, Seneca, and Tacitus not at all; v. under II.): quos ego ope meā Pro incertis certos... Dimitto, ut ne res temere tractent turbidas, Enn. ap. Cic. de Or. 1, 45, 199 (Trag v. 189 Vahl.): vestem ut ne inquinet, Plaut. Capt. 2, 2, 17. pergunt turbare usque, ut ne quid possit conquiescere, id. Most. 5, 1, 12:

haec mihi nunc cura est maxima, ut ne cui meae Longinquitas aetatis obstet,

Ter. Hec. 4, 2, 19:

ego, pol, te ulciscar, ut ne impune nos illuseris,

id. Eun. 5, 4, 19:

excitandam esse animadversionem et diligentiam, ut ne quid inconsiderate negligenterque agamus,

Cic. Off. 1, 29, 103:

equidem soleo dare operam, ut de suā quisque re me ipse doceat, et, ut ne quis alius assit, quo, etc.,

id. de Or. 2, 24, 102.—

Ut... ne separated:

quam plurimis de rebus ad me velim scribas, ut prorsus ne quid ignorem,

Cic. Att. 3, 10, 3:

ut causae communi salutique ne deessent,

id. Verr. 2, 4, 63, § 140:

lata lex est, ne auspicia valerent, ut omnibus fastis diebus legem ferri liceret: ut lex Aelia, lex Fufia ne valeret,

id. Sest. 15, 33; id. N. D. 1, 7, 17:

vos orant atque obsecrant, judices, ut in actore causae suae deligendo vestrum judicium ab suo judicio ne discrepet,

id. Div. in Caecil. 4, 14.—

Qui ne, quo ne, and quomodo ne (ante- and post-class. for ut ne):

ego id agam, mihi qui ne detur,

Ter. And. 2, 1, 35:

moxque ad aram, quo ne hostis dolum persentisceret, aversusque a duce assistit,

Dict. Cret. 4, 11: quaeritis maximis sumptibus faciendis, quomodo ne tributa conferatis, Gr. hôs mê, Rutil. Lup. 1, 9.

In the several uses of the adv. ne, described above, the transition to its use to connect clauses is clearly seen (v. esp. I. B. 3. and 4.). In intentional clauses, and after verbs of fearing and avoiding, ne becomes a conjunction.

In intentional clauses for ut ne, that not, lest: nolite, hospites, ad me adire: ilico isti! Ne contagio mea bonis umbrave obsit, approach me not; let not my presence harm you, i. e. lest my presence should harm you, Enn. ap. Cic. Tusc. 3, 12, 26 (Trag. v. 405 Vahl.):

omitto innumerabiles viros, quorum singuli saluti huic civitati fuerunt... ne quis se aut suorum aliquem praetermissum queratur,

Cic. Rep. 1, 1, 1; 1, 7, 12; 1, 5, 9:

Caesarem complexus obsecrare coepit, ne quid gravius in fratrem statueret,

Caes. B. G. 1, 20.—Esp. after verbs expressing forethought, care, etc.:

vide sis, ne quid imprudens ruas,

Ter. Heaut. 2, 3, 128:

considera, ne in alienissimum tempus cadat adventus tuus,

Cic. Fam. 15, 14, 4:

Cocceius, vide, ne frustretur,

Cic. Att. 12, 18, 3 et saep.—

After verbs signifying to fear, frighten, etc. (esp. metuo, timeo, vereor, horreo, paveo, terreo, conterreo; also, timor est, metus est, spes est, periculum est), to express the wish that something may not take place; represented in English by that (because in English the particle depends on the idea of fearing, not of wishing):

metuo et timeo, ne hoc tandem propalam flat,

that it will be discovered, Plaut. Mil. 4, 8, 38:

timeo ne malefacta mea sint inventa omnia,

id. Truc. 4, 2, 61:

vereor ne quid Andria apportet mali,

Ter. And. 1, 1, 46:

metuebat ne indicarent,

Cic. Mil. 21, 57:

mater cruciatur et sollicita est, ne filium spoliatum omni dignitate conspiciat,

id. Mur. 41, 88:

hic ne quid mihi prorogetur, horreo,

id. Att. 5, 21, 3:

id paves, ne ducas tu illam, tu autem ut ducas,

Ter. And. 2, 2, 12:

esse metus coepit, ne, etc.,

Ov. M. 7, 715:

terruit gentīs, grave ne rediret Saeculum Pyrrhae,

Hor. C. 1, 2, 5:

non periclumst, nequid recte monstres,

Plaut. Ps. 1, 3, 55:

pavor ceperat milites, ne mortiferum esset vulnus,

Liv. 24, 42 —

When the dependent clause is negative, with non or nihil, that not:

vereor ne exercitum firmum habere non possit,

Cic. Att. 7, 12, 2:

unum vereor ne senatus Pompeium nolit dimittere,

id. ib. 5, 18, 1:

timeo ne non impetrem,

id. ib. 9, 6, 6; id. Tusc. 1, 31, 76.—

With the negative before the verb:

non vereor, ne quid temere facias,

Cic. Fam. 2, 7, 1; 2, 1, 4:

timere non debeo, ne non iste illā cruce dignus judicetur,

id. Verr. 2, 5, 67, § 171.—

After verbs signifying to avoid, warn, hinder, forbid, refuse (caveo, impedio, resisto, interdico, refuto, rarely veto), instead of the simple object, that not, lest:

qui cavet, ne decipiatur, etc.,

Plaut. Capt. 2, 2, 5:

cavete, judices, ne nova proscriptio instaurata esse videatur,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 53, 153; id. Fam. 3, 12, 4;

v. caveo: casus quidam ne facerem impedivit,

Cic. Fat. 1, 1:

unus ne caperetur urbs causa fuit,

Liv. 34, 39. [p. 1194]

- nĕ (also apocopated n' and only n), interrog. and enclit. part. [weakened from nē]. It simply inquires, without implying either that a negative or an affirmative reply is expected (cf. num, nonne), and emphasizes the word to which it is joined;

which is always, in classic Latin, the first word of the clause (ante- class. after other words: sine dote uxoremne?

Plaut. Trin. 2, 2, 94; 1, 2, 141; id. As. 5, 2, 78; id. Mil. 3, 1, 92). In direct questions it is translated by giving an interrogative form to the sentence; in indirect interrogations by whether.

In direct interrogations, with indic.:

meministine me in senatu dicere? etc.,

Cic. Cat. 1, 3, 7:

potestne rerum major esse dissensio?

id. Fin. 3, 13, 44:

tune id veritus es?

id. Q. Fr. 1, 3, 1:

jamne vides, belua, jamne sentis? etc.,

id. Pis. 1, 1:

quid, si etiam falsum illud omnino est? tamenne ista tam absurda defendes?

id. N. D. 1, 29, 81; cf. id. Rosc. Am. 15, 44:

quiane auxilio juvat ante levatos?

Verg. A. 4, 538:

tun' te audes Sosiam esse dicere?

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 217:

valuistin?

id. Trin. 1, 2, 12.—After an elided s:

satin habes, si feminarum nulla'st: quam aeque diligam?

Plaut. Am. 1, 3, 11:

pergin autem?

id. ib. 1, 3, 41:

vin commutemus?

id. Trin. 1, 2, 21 al. —

Esp. with rel. pron.; ellipt.: quemne ego servavi? i. e. do you mean the one whom? etc., Plaut. Mil. 1, 1, 13: quodne vobis placeat, displiceat mihi? can it be that what pleases? etc., id. ib. 3, 1, 19; id. Merc. 3, 3, 12; id. Am. 2, 2, 65;

so quin for quine,

id. Trin. 2, 2, 79 Brix ad loc.; id. Bacch. 2, 3, 98; id. Most. 3, 2, 50 al.—So with ut and si:

utine adveniens vomitum excutias mulieri?

Plaut. Merc. 3, 3, 15; id. Rud. 4, 4, 19:

sin, saluti quod tibi esse censeo, id. consuadeo,

id. Merc. 1, 2, 32.—

In indirect interrogations, with subj., whether:

ut videamus, satisne ista sit justa defectio,

Cic. Ac. 1, 12, 43:

Publilius iturusne sit in Africam et quando, ex Aledio scire poteris,

id. Att. 12, 24, 1:

videto vasa, multane sient,

Cato, R. R. 1:

quem imitari possimusne, ipse liber erit indicio,

Varr. L. L. 7, § 4 Müll.; cf. id. ib. 10, § 9.—

Sometimes affixed to an interrogative pronoun, Plaut. Cist. 4, 1, 2:

quone malo mentem concussa? Timore deorum,

Hor. S. 2, 3, 295; cf.:

uterne Ad casus dubios fidet sibi certius?

id. ib. 2, 2, 107; and:

illa rogare: Quantane?

id. ib. 2, 3, 317.—

-ne is sometimes used for nonne, where an affirmative reply is expected:

misine ego ad te epistulam?

Plaut. Bacch. 3, 6, 22; id. Trin. 1, 2, 92; 99; id. Most. 2, 1, 15:

rectene interpretor sententiam tuam,

Cic. Tusc. 3, 17, 37; id. Fin. 2, 32, 104.—

Rarely = num:

potestne virtus servire?

Cic. de Or. 1, 52, 226:

potesne dicere?

id. Tusc. 1, 27, 67; id. Sen. 16, 56.—

With an, annon, or anne, in the second interrogation, v. an.—With necne, v. neque.—Sometimes pleonastic with utrum, followed by an (mostly anteclass.):

est etiam illa distinctio, utrum illudne non videatur aegre ferendum... an, etc.,

Cic. Tusc. 4, 27, 59:

sed utrum strictimne attonsurum dicam esse an per pectinem, nescio,

Plaut. Capt. 2, 2, 18 Brix ad loc.; id. Most. 3, 1, 151; id. Bacch. 1, 1, 42; cf. Madv. Gram. § 452, obs. 1.—Sometimes, in the second interrogation, ne for an (mostly poet.):

Smyrna quid et Colophon? Majora minorane fama?

Hor. Ep. 1, 11, 3:

ut in incerto fuerit, vicissent victine essent,

Liv. 5, 28, 5:

cum interrogaretur, utrum pluris patrem matremne faceret,

Nep. Iphicr. 3, 4.

nē, interj. (incorrectly written nae), = nai, nê, truly, verily, really, indeed (only joined with pers. pron. ego, tu, and with the demonstratives ille, iste, hic, and their advv.; in class, prose usually with a conditional clause).

In gen.:

ne ego homo infelix fui, Qui non alas intervelli,

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 169; cf.:

ne ego haud paulo hunc animum malim quam, etc.,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 42, 99:

ne ego, inquam, si ita est, velim tibi eum placere quam maxime,

id. Brut. 71, 249. So, ne tu, etc., id. Phil. 2, 2, 3; Ter. Eun. 2, 2, 54; Liv. 26, 6, 15: ne ille, Naev. ap. Non. 73, 18 (Trag. Rel. p. 9 v. 40 Rib.); Plaut. Ps. 3, 1, 3; Cic. Cat. 2, 3, 6:

ne iste,

Ter. And. 2, 1, 24; id. Heaut. 4, 1, 8 al.—

Connected with other affirmative particles, as hercle, edepol, mecastor, medius fidius:

ne tu hercle,

Plaut. As. 2, 4, 6; id. Curc. 1, 3, 38: ne ille hercle, id. Bacch. 2, 3, 76:

edepol ne ego,

id. Men. 5, 5, 10:

edepol ne tu,

id. ib. 1, 2, 50:

ne ista edepol,

id. Am. 2, 2, 213:

ne istuc mecastor,

id. Men. 5, 1, 34 (729 Ritschl):

ne ille, medius fidius,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 30, 74; cf.:

medius fidius ne tu,

id. Att. 4, 4, 6, § 2.— Rarely with a pron. poss.:

edepol ne meam operam, etc.,

Ter. Hec. 5, 3, 1. (All passages in which ne stands in classic prose without a pronoun are probably corrupt; cf. Haase in Reisig's Vorles. p. 379 sq.; v. Liv. 26, 31, 10; 34, 4, 16 Weissenb.)

nē (old forms nei and ni; v. the foll.), adv. and conj., the primitive Latin negative particle, no, not; whereas the negative particle non is a derivative (v. non init.) [prob. of pronominal origin; cf. the Anglo-Saxon na and ne (Engl. no), whence naht (Engl. not) is derived; Sanscr. na, not].

Adv., with a single word of a proposition (in early Latin): NE MINVS TRINVM NOVNDINVM, not less than, etc., S. C. de Bacch.; cf. with DVM NE MINVS SENATORIBVS C. ADESENT, twice in the same S. C.;

and in the form ni: DVM NI MINVS VIGINTI ADSIENT,

Inscr. Grut. 207, 3. So too:

DVM NE AMPLIOREM MODVM PRATORVM HABEANT QVAM, etc.,

Inscr. Orell. 3121 (Sententia de finibus inter Genuates et Viturios regundis lata A. U. C. 637). So, ne minores (verres) quam semestres, Varr. R. R. 2, 4, 21. In the time of Plautus the usage was unsettled, non and ne being used indifferently for simple negation; cf. Lorenz ad Plaut. Most. 105; Brix ad Plaut. Trin. 1156.—

To this is allied the adverbial use of ne in all periods of the language.

Ne... quidem, applies the negation with emphasis to the word between them, not even:

ne sues quidem id velint, non modo ipse,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 38, 92:

ne in oppidis quidem... ne in fanis quidem,

id. Verr. 2, 4, 1, § 2:

Philippus non item: itaque ne nos quidem,

id. Att. 14, 12, 2:

nulla ne minima quidem aura fluctus commovente,

id. Tusc. 5, 6, 16:

non potest dici satis, ne cogitari quidem, quantum, etc.,

id. Mil. 29, 78:

vita beata, quam ne in deo quidem esse censes, nisi, etc.,

id. N. D. 1, 24, 67:

ut in foro et in judicio... ne non timere quidem sine aliquo timore possimus,

id. Mil. 1, 2:

ne tondere quidem Vellera possunt,

Verg. G. 3, 561;

so after a negative, repeating it with emphasis: non enim praetereundum est ne id quidem,

Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 60, § 155:

nulla species ne excogitari quidem potest ornatior,

id. de Or. 3, 45, 179:

non praetermittam ne illud quidem,

id. Q. Fr. 2, 5, 2:

Caesar negat se ne Graeca quidem meliora legisse,

id. ib. 2, 16, 5:

numquam illum ne minima quidem re offendi,

id. Lael. 27, 103; Liv. 28, 42, 16; but when ne... quidem precedes, the negative of the principal verb is omitted:

sine quā ne intellegi quidem ulla virtus potest,

Cic. Tusc. 2, 13, 31:

neque enim ipsius quidem regis abhorrebat animus,

Liv. 29, 12, 10: ne quidem (with no intervening word), not even (late Lat.), Gai Inst. 1, 67; id. ib. 3, 93.—

In composition, to make an absolute negation of the principal idea. So in neque and nequiquam; also in nescio and nevolo; and in nefas, nefandus, nepus (for non purus), nequeo, neuter, neutiquam; in nemo, nego, nihil, nullus, numquam, and nusquam; and, lastly, with a paragogic c before o: necopinans and neglego; negotium (i. e. nec-lego; nec-otium). —

With a proposition (in all periods of the language, and exclusively),

In imperative sentences, to signify that something must not be done.

With imper.: SI HOMINEM FVLMEN IOVIS OCCISIT, NE SVPRA GENVA TOLLITOR, let him not be raised, Leg. Reg.: HOMINEM MORTVVM IN VRBE NE SEPELITO NEVE VRITO, Fragm. XII. Tab. ap. Cic. Leg. 2, 23; cf.: MVLIERES GENAS NE RADVNTO NEVE LESSVM FVNERIS ERGO HABENTO, ib.: SI NOLET, ARCERAM NE STERNITO, let him not spread, he need not spread, ib. (cf. Gell. 20, 1, 25):

VECTIGAL INVITEI DARE NEI DEBENTO,

Inscr. Orell. 3121; cf.

art. ni, II.: abi, ne jura: satis credo,

Plaut. Pers. 4, 3, 20; 4, 5, 5:

ah, ne saevi tantopere,

Ter. And. 5, 2, 27:

impius ne audeto placare donis iram deorum,

Cic. Leg. 2, 9, 22:

ne, pueri, ne tanta animis assuescite bella,

Verg. A. 6, 832.—

With subj.:

ne me moveatis,

Plaut. Mil. 4, 9, 1:

si certum est facere, facias: verum ne post conferas Culpam in me,

Ter. Eun. 2, 3, 96:

si denique veritas extorquebit, ne repugnetis,

Cic. Clu. 2, 6:

ne pudori Sit tibi Musa lyrae sollers,

Hor. A. P. 406.—

In wishes and asseverations: ne id Juppiter Opt. Max. sineret, etc., might Jupiter forbid it! etc., Liv. 4, 2; cf.:

ne istuc Juppiter Opt. Max. sirit, etc.,

id. 28, 28.—With utinam: utinam ne in nemore Pelio securibus Caesa accedisset abiegna ad terram trabes, would that not, Enn. ap. Cic. Top. 16, 61 (Trag. v. 280 Vahl.): utinam ne umquam, Mede Colchis cupido corde pedem extulisses, Enn ap. Non. 297, 18 (Trag. v. 311 ib.):

illud utinam ne vere scriberem!

Cic. Fam. 5, 17, 3; v. utinam.—With si:

ne vivam, si scio,

may I not live, may I die, if I know, Cic. Att. 4, 16, 8:

sed ne vivam, si tibi concedo,

id. Fam. 7, 23, 19:

ne sim salvus, si aliter scribo ac sentio,

id. ib. 16, 13, 1.—

In concessive and restrictive clauses (conceived as softened commands; cf. II. init.).

In concessions, nemo is, inquies, umquam fuit. Ne fuerit:

ego enim, etc.,

there may not have been; suppose there was not, Cic. Or. 29, 101; cf.:

pugnes omnino, sed cum adversario facili. Ne sit sane: videri certe potest,

id. Ac. 2, 26, 85; 2, 32, 102:

ne sit sane summum malum dolor: malum certe est,

id. Tusc. 2, 5, 14:

ne sint in senectute vires: ne postulantur quidem vires a senectute,

id. Sen. 11, 34:

ne sit igitur sol, ne luna, ne stellae, quoniam nihil esse potest, nisi quod attigimus aut vidimus,

id. N. D. 1, 31, 88; Liv. 31, 7:

nec porro malum, quo aut oppressus jaceas, aut, ne opprimare, mente vix constes?

though you be not crushed; supposing you are not crushed, Cic. Tusc. 4, 17, 39.—

In restrictive clauses:

sint sane liberales ex sociorum fortunis, sint misericordes in furibus aerarii, ne illi sanguinem nostrum largiantur, etc.,

only let them not; if they only will not, Sall. C. 52, 12. So, dum ne, dummodo ne, modo ne, and dum quidem ne; v. dum and modo: me vero nihil istorum ne juvenem quidem movit umquam: ne nunc senem, much less now I am old = nedum, Cic. Fam. 9, 26, 2; cf.:

vix incedo inanis, ne ire posse cum onere existumes,

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 174: scuta si homines inviti dant, etsi ad salutem communem dari sentiunt: ne quem putetis sine maximo dolore argentum caelatum domo protulisse, much less can you suppose, etc., Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 23, § 52; Liv. 3, 52.—

In clauses which denote a purpose or result.

Ut ne, that not, lest, so that not (very rare after the August. period; in Livy only in a few doubtful passages; in Cæsar, Seneca, and Tacitus not at all; v. under II.): quos ego ope meā Pro incertis certos... Dimitto, ut ne res temere tractent turbidas, Enn. ap. Cic. de Or. 1, 45, 199 (Trag v. 189 Vahl.): vestem ut ne inquinet, Plaut. Capt. 2, 2, 17. pergunt turbare usque, ut ne quid possit conquiescere, id. Most. 5, 1, 12:

haec mihi nunc cura est maxima, ut ne cui meae Longinquitas aetatis obstet,

Ter. Hec. 4, 2, 19:

ego, pol, te ulciscar, ut ne impune nos illuseris,

id. Eun. 5, 4, 19:

excitandam esse animadversionem et diligentiam, ut ne quid inconsiderate negligenterque agamus,

Cic. Off. 1, 29, 103:

equidem soleo dare operam, ut de suā quisque re me ipse doceat, et, ut ne quis alius assit, quo, etc.,

id. de Or. 2, 24, 102.—

Ut... ne separated:

quam plurimis de rebus ad me velim scribas, ut prorsus ne quid ignorem,

Cic. Att. 3, 10, 3:

ut causae communi salutique ne deessent,

id. Verr. 2, 4, 63, § 140:

lata lex est, ne auspicia valerent, ut omnibus fastis diebus legem ferri liceret: ut lex Aelia, lex Fufia ne valeret,

id. Sest. 15, 33; id. N. D. 1, 7, 17:

vos orant atque obsecrant, judices, ut in actore causae suae deligendo vestrum judicium ab suo judicio ne discrepet,

id. Div. in Caecil. 4, 14.—

Qui ne, quo ne, and quomodo ne (ante- and post-class. for ut ne):

ego id agam, mihi qui ne detur,

Ter. And. 2, 1, 35:

moxque ad aram, quo ne hostis dolum persentisceret, aversusque a duce assistit,

Dict. Cret. 4, 11: quaeritis maximis sumptibus faciendis, quomodo ne tributa conferatis, Gr. hôs mê, Rutil. Lup. 1, 9.

In the several uses of the adv. ne, described above, the transition to its use to connect clauses is clearly seen (v. esp. I. B. 3. and 4.). In intentional clauses, and after verbs of fearing and avoiding, ne becomes a conjunction.

In intentional clauses for ut ne, that not, lest: nolite, hospites, ad me adire: ilico isti! Ne contagio mea bonis umbrave obsit, approach me not; let not my presence harm you, i. e. lest my presence should harm you, Enn. ap. Cic. Tusc. 3, 12, 26 (Trag. v. 405 Vahl.):

omitto innumerabiles viros, quorum singuli saluti huic civitati fuerunt... ne quis se aut suorum aliquem praetermissum queratur,

Cic. Rep. 1, 1, 1; 1, 7, 12; 1, 5, 9:

Caesarem complexus obsecrare coepit, ne quid gravius in fratrem statueret,

Caes. B. G. 1, 20.—Esp. after verbs expressing forethought, care, etc.:

vide sis, ne quid imprudens ruas,

Ter. Heaut. 2, 3, 128:

considera, ne in alienissimum tempus cadat adventus tuus,

Cic. Fam. 15, 14, 4:

Cocceius, vide, ne frustretur,

Cic. Att. 12, 18, 3 et saep.—

After verbs signifying to fear, frighten, etc. (esp. metuo, timeo, vereor, horreo, paveo, terreo, conterreo; also, timor est, metus est, spes est, periculum est), to express the wish that something may not take place; represented in English by that (because in English the particle depends on the idea of fearing, not of wishing):

metuo et timeo, ne hoc tandem propalam flat,

that it will be discovered, Plaut. Mil. 4, 8, 38:

timeo ne malefacta mea sint inventa omnia,

id. Truc. 4, 2, 61:

vereor ne quid Andria apportet mali,

Ter. And. 1, 1, 46:

metuebat ne indicarent,

Cic. Mil. 21, 57:

mater cruciatur et sollicita est, ne filium spoliatum omni dignitate conspiciat,

id. Mur. 41, 88:

hic ne quid mihi prorogetur, horreo,

id. Att. 5, 21, 3:

id paves, ne ducas tu illam, tu autem ut ducas,

Ter. And. 2, 2, 12:

esse metus coepit, ne, etc.,

Ov. M. 7, 715:

terruit gentīs, grave ne rediret Saeculum Pyrrhae,

Hor. C. 1, 2, 5:

non periclumst, nequid recte monstres,

Plaut. Ps. 1, 3, 55:

pavor ceperat milites, ne mortiferum esset vulnus,

Liv. 24, 42 —

When the dependent clause is negative, with non or nihil, that not:

vereor ne exercitum firmum habere non possit,

Cic. Att. 7, 12, 2:

unum vereor ne senatus Pompeium nolit dimittere,

id. ib. 5, 18, 1:

timeo ne non impetrem,

id. ib. 9, 6, 6; id. Tusc. 1, 31, 76.—

With the negative before the verb:

non vereor, ne quid temere facias,

Cic. Fam. 2, 7, 1; 2, 1, 4:

timere non debeo, ne non iste illā cruce dignus judicetur,

id. Verr. 2, 5, 67, § 171.—

After verbs signifying to avoid, warn, hinder, forbid, refuse (caveo, impedio, resisto, interdico, refuto, rarely veto), instead of the simple object, that not, lest:

qui cavet, ne decipiatur, etc.,

Plaut. Capt. 2, 2, 5:

cavete, judices, ne nova proscriptio instaurata esse videatur,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 53, 153; id. Fam. 3, 12, 4;

v. caveo: casus quidam ne facerem impedivit,

Cic. Fat. 1, 1:

unus ne caperetur urbs causa fuit,

Liv. 34, 39. [p. 1194]

- nĕ (also apocopated n' and only n), interrog. and enclit. part. [weakened from nē]. It simply inquires, without implying either that a negative or an affirmative reply is expected (cf. num, nonne), and emphasizes the word to which it is joined;

which is always, in classic Latin, the first word of the clause (ante- class. after other words: sine dote uxoremne?

Plaut. Trin. 2, 2, 94; 1, 2, 141; id. As. 5, 2, 78; id. Mil. 3, 1, 92). In direct questions it is translated by giving an interrogative form to the sentence; in indirect interrogations by whether.

In direct interrogations, with indic.:

meministine me in senatu dicere? etc.,

Cic. Cat. 1, 3, 7:

potestne rerum major esse dissensio?

id. Fin. 3, 13, 44:

tune id veritus es?

id. Q. Fr. 1, 3, 1:

jamne vides, belua, jamne sentis? etc.,

id. Pis. 1, 1:

quid, si etiam falsum illud omnino est? tamenne ista tam absurda defendes?

id. N. D. 1, 29, 81; cf. id. Rosc. Am. 15, 44:

quiane auxilio juvat ante levatos?

Verg. A. 4, 538:

tun' te audes Sosiam esse dicere?

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 217:

valuistin?

id. Trin. 1, 2, 12.—After an elided s:

satin habes, si feminarum nulla'st: quam aeque diligam?

Plaut. Am. 1, 3, 11:

pergin autem?

id. ib. 1, 3, 41:

vin commutemus?

id. Trin. 1, 2, 21 al. —

Esp. with rel. pron.; ellipt.: quemne ego servavi? i. e. do you mean the one whom? etc., Plaut. Mil. 1, 1, 13: quodne vobis placeat, displiceat mihi? can it be that what pleases? etc., id. ib. 3, 1, 19; id. Merc. 3, 3, 12; id. Am. 2, 2, 65;

so quin for quine,

id. Trin. 2, 2, 79 Brix ad loc.; id. Bacch. 2, 3, 98; id. Most. 3, 2, 50 al.—So with ut and si:

utine adveniens vomitum excutias mulieri?

Plaut. Merc. 3, 3, 15; id. Rud. 4, 4, 19:

sin, saluti quod tibi esse censeo, id. consuadeo,

id. Merc. 1, 2, 32.—

In indirect interrogations, with subj., whether:

ut videamus, satisne ista sit justa defectio,

Cic. Ac. 1, 12, 43:

Publilius iturusne sit in Africam et quando, ex Aledio scire poteris,

id. Att. 12, 24, 1:

videto vasa, multane sient,

Cato, R. R. 1:

quem imitari possimusne, ipse liber erit indicio,

Varr. L. L. 7, § 4 Müll.; cf. id. ib. 10, § 9.—

Sometimes affixed to an interrogative pronoun, Plaut. Cist. 4, 1, 2:

quone malo mentem concussa? Timore deorum,

Hor. S. 2, 3, 295; cf.:

uterne Ad casus dubios fidet sibi certius?

id. ib. 2, 2, 107; and:

illa rogare: Quantane?

id. ib. 2, 3, 317.—

-ne is sometimes used for nonne, where an affirmative reply is expected:

misine ego ad te epistulam?

Plaut. Bacch. 3, 6, 22; id. Trin. 1, 2, 92; 99; id. Most. 2, 1, 15:

rectene interpretor sententiam tuam,

Cic. Tusc. 3, 17, 37; id. Fin. 2, 32, 104.—

Rarely = num:

potestne virtus servire?

Cic. de Or. 1, 52, 226:

potesne dicere?

id. Tusc. 1, 27, 67; id. Sen. 16, 56.—

With an, annon, or anne, in the second interrogation, v. an.—With necne, v. neque.—Sometimes pleonastic with utrum, followed by an (mostly anteclass.):

est etiam illa distinctio, utrum illudne non videatur aegre ferendum... an, etc.,

Cic. Tusc. 4, 27, 59:

sed utrum strictimne attonsurum dicam esse an per pectinem, nescio,

Plaut. Capt. 2, 2, 18 Brix ad loc.; id. Most. 3, 1, 151; id. Bacch. 1, 1, 42; cf. Madv. Gram. § 452, obs. 1.—Sometimes, in the second interrogation, ne for an (mostly poet.):

Smyrna quid et Colophon? Majora minorane fama?

Hor. Ep. 1, 11, 3:

ut in incerto fuerit, vicissent victine essent,

Liv. 5, 28, 5:

cum interrogaretur, utrum pluris patrem matremne faceret,

Nep. Iphicr. 3, 4.

nē, interj. (incorrectly written nae), = nai, nê, truly, verily, really, indeed (only joined with pers. pron. ego, tu, and with the demonstratives ille, iste, hic, and their advv.; in class, prose usually with a conditional clause).

In gen.:

ne ego homo infelix fui, Qui non alas intervelli,

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 169; cf.:

ne ego haud paulo hunc animum malim quam, etc.,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 42, 99:

ne ego, inquam, si ita est, velim tibi eum placere quam maxime,

id. Brut. 71, 249. So, ne tu, etc., id. Phil. 2, 2, 3; Ter. Eun. 2, 2, 54; Liv. 26, 6, 15: ne ille, Naev. ap. Non. 73, 18 (Trag. Rel. p. 9 v. 40 Rib.); Plaut. Ps. 3, 1, 3; Cic. Cat. 2, 3, 6:

ne iste,

Ter. And. 2, 1, 24; id. Heaut. 4, 1, 8 al.—

Connected with other affirmative particles, as hercle, edepol, mecastor, medius fidius:

ne tu hercle,

Plaut. As. 2, 4, 6; id. Curc. 1, 3, 38: ne ille hercle, id. Bacch. 2, 3, 76:

edepol ne ego,

id. Men. 5, 5, 10:

edepol ne tu,

id. ib. 1, 2, 50:

ne ista edepol,

id. Am. 2, 2, 213:

ne istuc mecastor,

id. Men. 5, 1, 34 (729 Ritschl):

ne ille, medius fidius,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 30, 74; cf.:

medius fidius ne tu,

id. Att. 4, 4, 6, § 2.— Rarely with a pron. poss.:

edepol ne meam operam, etc.,

Ter. Hec. 5, 3, 1. (All passages in which ne stands in classic prose without a pronoun are probably corrupt; cf. Haase in Reisig's Vorles. p. 379 sq.; v. Liv. 26, 31, 10; 34, 4, 16 Weissenb.)

horribilis, e (horreo), haarsträubend, I) schaudervoll, entsetzlich, formidines, Cic.: horribiles miserique casus, Cic.: horribiliorem speciem praebere, Caes.: m. Dat. (für), ille fulgor rutilus horribilisque terris, Cic.: horribile est m. Infin., horribile est causam capitis dicere, horribilius priore loco dicere, Cic. Quinct. 95. – II) insbes.: A) erschrecklich = staunenswert, sed hoc τέρας horribili vigilantiā, celeritate, diligentiā est, Cic. ad Att. 8, 9, 4. – B) schauervoll = ehrwürdig secretum, Petron. 21, 3.

horrĭbĭlis, e, adj. [horreo], terrible, fearful, dreadful, horrible (freq. and class.).

Lit.:

quod hanc tam tetram, tam horribilem tamque infestam rei publicae pestem toties jam effugimus,

Cic. Cat. 1, 5, 11:

homini accidere nihil posse, quod sit horribile aut pertimescendum,

id. Fam. 5, 21 fin.: species, * Caes. B. G. 7, 36, 2:

spectaculum,

Sall. J. 101, 11:

sonitus,

id. ib. 99, 2:

di magni, horribilem et sacrum libellum!

Cat. 14, 12:

tempestas,

Cic. Rep. 2, 6:

formidines,

id. Fin. 1, 19, 63:

horribiles miserosque casus,

id. de Or. 3, 3, 11:

Mars (stella) rutilus horribilisque terris,

id. Rep. 6, 17:

illud vero fuit horribile, quod vereor, ne, etc.,

id. de Or. 1, 61, 258:

horribile est causam capitis dicere, horribilius priore loco dicere,

id. Quint. 31, 95.—

In colloquial lang., sometimes in a good sense, astonishing, amazing, tremendous: sed hoc teras (i. e. Cæsar) horribili vigilantia, celeritate, diligentia est, Cic. Att. 8, 9 fin.:

uterque juravit, inter nos periturum esse tam horribile secretum,

Petr. 21, 3.—Hence, adv.: horrĭbĭlĭter, amazingly; in a good sense: horribiliter scripsisti hanc orationem, M. Aurel. ap. Front. Ep. 2, 6 Mai.; August. Civ. Dei, 1, 8 fin.

horrĭbĭlis, e, adj. [horreo], terrible, fearful, dreadful, horrible (freq. and class.).

Lit.:

quod hanc tam tetram, tam horribilem tamque infestam rei publicae pestem toties jam effugimus,

Cic. Cat. 1, 5, 11:

homini accidere nihil posse, quod sit horribile aut pertimescendum,

id. Fam. 5, 21 fin.: species, * Caes. B. G. 7, 36, 2:

spectaculum,

Sall. J. 101, 11:

sonitus,

id. ib. 99, 2:

di magni, horribilem et sacrum libellum!

Cat. 14, 12:

tempestas,

Cic. Rep. 2, 6:

formidines,

id. Fin. 1, 19, 63:

horribiles miserosque casus,

id. de Or. 3, 3, 11:

Mars (stella) rutilus horribilisque terris,

id. Rep. 6, 17:

illud vero fuit horribile, quod vereor, ne, etc.,

id. de Or. 1, 61, 258:

horribile est causam capitis dicere, horribilius priore loco dicere,

id. Quint. 31, 95.—

In colloquial lang., sometimes in a good sense, astonishing, amazing, tremendous: sed hoc teras (i. e. Cæsar) horribili vigilantia, celeritate, diligentia est, Cic. Att. 8, 9 fin.:

uterque juravit, inter nos periturum esse tam horribile secretum,

Petr. 21, 3.—Hence, adv.: horrĭbĭlĭter, amazingly; in a good sense: horribiliter scripsisti hanc orationem, M. Aurel. ap. Front. Ep. 2, 6 Mai.; August. Civ. Dei, 1, 8 fin.

* * *

horrĭdus, a, um, adj. [horreo], standing on end, sticking out, rough, shaggy, bristly, prickly:

non hac barbula, qua ista delectatur, sed illa horrida, quam in statuis antiquis et imaginibus videmus,

Cic. Cael. 14, 33:

caesaries,

Ov. M. 10, 139:

pluma,

id. Am. 2, 6, 5:

apes horridi pili,

Col. 9, 3, 1; cf.:

apes horridae aspectu,

Plin. 11, 18, 19, § 59:

sus,

Verg. G. 4, 407; cf.:

videar tibi amarior herbis, Horridior rusco,

id. E. 7, 42:

densis hastilibus horrida myrtus,

id. A. 3, 23; cf.:

arbor spinis,

Plin. 12, 15, 34, § 67:

horrida siccae silva comae,

Juv. 9, 12. —

Transf., in gen., rough, rude, rugged, wild, savage, horrid.

Lit.:

horrida signis chlamys,

Val. Fl. 5, 558 (for which:

aspera signis pocula,

Verg. A. 9, 263:

membra videres Horrida paedore,

Lucr. 6, 1269:

pecudis jecur horridum et exile,

Cic. Div. 2, 13, 30:

horrida villosa corpora veste tegant,

Tib. 2, 3, 75:

pastor,

Ov. M. 1, 514:

Ilia cultu,

id. Am. 3, 6, 47; cf.:

Acestes in jaculis et pelle Libystidis ursae,

Verg. A. 5, 37:

Silvanus,

Hor. C. 3, 29, 22: Africa terribili tremit horrida terra tumultu, Enn. ap. Fest. p. 153 Müll. (Ann. v. 311 Vahl.); cf.:

Aetnensis ager et campus Leontinus sic erat deformis atque horridus, ut, etc.,

Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 18, § 47 fin.:

horridior locus,

Ov. P. 1, 3, 83:

silva fuit, late dumis atque ilice nigra Horrida,

Verg. A. 9, 382:

sedes Taenari,

Hor. C. 1, 34, 10:

argumenta, velut horrida et confragosa, vitantes,

Quint. 5, 8, 1:

inde senilis Hiems tremulo venit horrida passu,

Ov. M. 15, 212; cf.:

cum Juppiter horridus austris Torquet aquosam hiemem,

Verg. A. 9, 670:

bruma,

id. G. 3, 442:

December,

Mart. 7, 36, 5:

stiria,

Verg. G. 3, 366:

grando,

id. ib. 1, 449:

tempestas,

Hor. Epod. 13, 1; Varr. ap. Plin. 18, 35, 79, § 349:

fluctus,

Hor. Epod. 10, 3; cf.:

aequora,

id. C. 3, 24, 40.— Poet.: si premerem ventosas horridus Alpes, qs. enveloped in horror, shuddering, Ov. Am. 2, 16, 19.—Of taste:

sapor,

harsh, raw, Plin. 34, 13, 33, § 129; cf. id. 13, 4, 9, § 43:

ruta silvestris horrida ad effectum est,

id. 20, 13, 61, § 131: (litterae) succedunt tristes et horridae... in hoc ipso frangit multo fit horridior (littera sexta nostrarum), Quint. 12, 10, 28 sq. —

Esp., with dishevelled hair:

si magna Asturici cecidit domus, horrida mater,

Juv. 3, 212:

paelex,

id. 2, 57.—

Trop.

Rough in character or manners, rude, blunt, stern, unpolished, uncouth:

huncine hominem te amplexari tam horridum,

Plaut. Truc. 5, 41:

ut vita sic oratione durus, incultus, horridus,

Cic. Brut. 31, 117; cf.:

vir paulo horridior et durior,

Plin. Ep. 3, 3, 5: spernitur orator bonus, horridus miles amatur, Enn. ap. Cic. Mur. 14, 30 (Ann. v. 273 Vahl.):

non ille, quamquam Socraticis madet Sermonibus, te negliget horridus,

Hor. C. 3, 21, 10:

fidens juventus horrida bracchiis,

id. ib. 3, 4, 50:

Germania,

id. ib. 4, 5, 26:

gens,

Verg. A. 7, 746:

horridus irā (Boreas), etc.,

Ov. M. 6, 685:

vita,

Cic. Quint. 30, 93:

virtus,

Sil. 11, 205; Stat. Th. 5, 172:

aspera, tristi, horrida oratione,

Cic. Or. 5, 20; cf.:

horridiora verba,

id. Brut. 17, 68:

sermo,

Quint. 9, 4, 3:

quaedam genera dicendi horridiora,

id. 12, 10, 10:

numerus Saturnius,

Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 157:

ita de horridis rebus nitida est oratio tua,

Cic. de Or. 3, 14, 51:

(antiquorum imitatores) fient horridi atque jejuni,

Quint. 2, 5, 21.—

With the predominating idea of an effect produced, causing tremor or horror, terrible, frightful, horrid (rare, and mostly poet. for the class. horribilis): horridiore aspectu esse, * Caes. B. G. 5, 14, 2; cf. in a Greek construction with an inf.:

et desit si larga Ceres, tunc horrida cerni,

Luc. 3, 347:

turba horrida aspici,

Sen. Q. N. 3, 19:

vis horrida teli,

Lucr. 3, 170:

acies,

Verg. A. 10, 408:

castra,

id. E. 10, 23:

proelia,

id. G. 2, 282:

arma,

Ov. M. 1, 126:

virga (mortis),

Hor. C. 1, 24, 16:

fata,

Verg. A. 11, 96:

jussa,

id. ib. 4, 378:

paupertas,

Lucr. 6, 1282:

aquilae ac signa, pulverulenta illa et cuspidibus horrida,

Plin. 13, 3, 4, § 23.— Hence, adv.: horrĭdē (acc. to II. B.), roughly, savagely, severely, sternly:

vixit semper inculte atque horride,

Cic. Quint. 18, 59:

horride inculteque dicere,

id. Or. 9, 28; cf. Quint. 10, 2, 17:

ornamentis utetur horridius,

Cic. Or. 25, 86: alloqui mitius aut horridius. Tac. H. 1, 82.